A review on the history of and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (2024)

Abstract

Circumcision is arguably one of the most performed procedures in the world and transcends cultures, nationalities, and religions. New insights into the motivations of men seeking circumcision reversal was the incentive to further investigate known reconstructive therapies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to present an overview of the historical context and treatment options known for foreskin reconstruction. This review was written after a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, MEDLINE, SCHOLAR databases, and additional Google searches. The practice of foreskin manipulation and the undoing of penile circumcision has a long and turbulent history going back to antiquity. Nowadays, the available data on treatment options remains sparse, focusing primarily on surgical techniques and is generally poorly documented. Nonsurgical methods of reconstruction are rarely mentioned in literature. Nonetheless, nonsurgical methods, such as manual stretching and device-assisted tissue expansion, are commonplace among those who pursue foreskin reconstruction. Although the nonsurgical methods have yielded good results with minimal adverse effects, no proper medical research has been performed to quantify these outcomes. Future studies should also be performed to assess the impact that foreskin reconstruction has on quality of life in this population.

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A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (1)
A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (2)
A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (3)
A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (4)
A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (5)
A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (6)

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Data availability

Pubmed Search: ((“Foreskin”[Mesh] OR foreskin*[tiab] OR prepuce*[tiab] OR praeputium[tiab] OR preputium[tiab] OR praeputial[tiab] OR preputial[tiab]) AND (“Reconstructive Surgical Procedures”[Mesh] OR reconstruct*[tiab] OR restor*[tiab] OR rehab*[tiab] OR repair*[tiab])) AND (“Circumcision, Male”[Mesh] OR circumcis*[tiab] OR uncircumcis*[tiab] OR post-circumcision[tiab]OR decircumcision[tiab] OR uncircumcision[tiab]). Embase/Medline Search: Circumcision AND Decircumcision OR Foreskin OR Foreskin Restoration OR Reconstruction OR Restoration AND Uncircumcision.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Hand Surgery, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Floyd Wilhelmus Timmermans,Sterre Elisabeth Mokken,Sahaand Cris Zoë Poor Toulabi,Mark-Bram Bouman&Müjde Özer

  2. Center of Expertise on Gender Dysphoria, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Floyd Wilhelmus Timmermans,Sterre Elisabeth Mokken,Mark-Bram Bouman&Müjde Özer

  3. Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Floyd Wilhelmus Timmermans

  4. Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location VUMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Sterre Elisabeth Mokken,Mark-Bram Bouman&Müjde Özer

Authors

  1. Floyd Wilhelmus Timmermans

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  2. Sterre Elisabeth Mokken

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  3. Sahaand Cris Zoë Poor Toulabi

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  4. Mark-Bram Bouman

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  5. Müjde Özer

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Contributions

FWT: methodology, investigation, writing—original draft; SEM: writing—review and editing, visualization; SCZPT: writing—review and editing, visualization; M-BB: writing—review and editing; MÖ: conceptualization, investigation, supervision, and project administration.

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Correspondence to Müjde Özer.

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A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (10)

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Timmermans, F.W., Mokken, S.E., Poor Toulabi, S.C.Z. et al. A review on the historyof and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision. Int J Impot Res 34, 424–433 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-021-00438-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41443-021-00438-3

A review on the history of and treatment options for foreskin reconstruction after circumcision (2024)

FAQs

Can foreskin grow back naturally? ›

You won't get your old foreskin back. But you can stretch penile skin over time to create a new foreskin or surgically attach skin from another area of your body to your penis. Risks depend on the approach, but may include dissatisfaction with how your new foreskin looks.

Is foreskin restoration worth it? ›

A person may experience potential benefits from foreskin restoration and having a layer of skin around the glans. Some of these benefits may include : increased sensitivity of the glans, which may result in an improvement in their sex life. protection of the plans from mechanical stress.

How long does it take to regrow foreskin? ›

There are many different products and methods available to help stretch the small piece that remains of the foreskin. It can take several years of regular use to stretch the remaining tissue into a fully grown foreskin.

What is the difference between restored and natural foreskin? ›

The natural foreskin is composed of smooth dartos muscle tissue (called the peripenic muscle), large blood vessels, extensive innervation, outer skin, and inner mucosa. The process of foreskin restoration seeks to regenerate some of the tissue removed by circumcision, as well as provide coverage of the glans.

Will foreskin go back to normal? ›

A tight foreskin is normal in babies and young boys. Most boys' foreskins do not pull back (retract) before the age of 5, but sometimes it's not possible until they're 10 or older. The end of a boy's penis may bulge or balloon when they pee, particularly if their foreskin is tight.

Can I leave my foreskin back forever? ›

Always pulling the foreskin back down to its natural position. This could be after having sex, going to the bathroom, or cleaning yourself. Never leaving the foreskin behind the head of your penis for any longer than you need to.

Do celebrities use foreskin to look younger? ›

Goodbye.” The procedure, popular in Hollywood celebrity circles, injects cells from a baby's foreskin – specifically a South Korean baby's foreskin – into the face. Sandra Bullock and Cate Blanchett are big fans. Just last month Kate Beckinsale had one, and said it was “amazing”.

What do hospitals do with foreskin after circumcision? ›

Their versatility means that they can be used to cultivate skin cells. Because of this, they're not tossed out with the rest of the medical waste after a birth. Instead, hospitals sell them to companies and institutions for a wide variety of uses. Companies will pay thousands of dollars for a single foreskin.

How far back can uncircumcised foreskin go? ›

How far back should the foreskin retract? Usually, you can retract your foreskin behind the ridge of your penis. You should move it far enough back while you're peeing to see the meatus (the hole where urine comes out).

Can uncircumcised guys pull back foreskin? ›

When the foreskin separates from the glans of the penis it can be pulled back (retracted) to expose the glans. Foreskin retraction may happen immediately after birth, or it may take several years. Some boys can retract their foreskin as early as age 5, but some may not be able to do this until their teenage years.

Does foreskin stay back when erect? ›

In adulthood, the foreskin is normally loose enough to be fully retracted. In this case, the glans (including its root) should be fully exposed. During erection, the foreskin retracts by itself, exposing the entire glans or at least part of it.

How can I get my foreskin back without surgery? ›

Each method relies on manual tissue expansion to restore the foreskin. For example, you can stretch the penile skin yourself to give it more length over time. You can also use devices that are worn for several hours a day for several months to expand the penile skin until it can cover the glans.

Does circumcision reduce length? ›

NMC can also remove the loose flap of skin that covers and protects the rounded top part of the penis that contains nerves, blood vessels, and a tiny part of muscle, which can lead to shorter penile length.

Why would someone want to restore their foreskin? ›

Some men, including Griffiths, restore their prepuce to improve their sex lives, hoping the glans of their penises will become more sensitive once it is covered. Others do it for emotional reasons, wanting to get back what they believe was wrongly taken from them as infants.

Why can I no longer pull my foreskin back? ›

Phimosis is a condition of the penis that occurs in some adults and children who aren't circumcised. If you have phimosis, your foreskin can't be pulled back (retracted). It may look like your penis has rings around the tip. Having phimosis isn't necessarily a problem.

What happens if you keep your foreskin back? ›

If your foreskin is stuck for a long time, it can cause pain and swelling. It can also block blood flow to your penis, which can cause tissue to die (gangrene). In extreme cases, your healthcare provider may have to amputate your penis.

Does foreskin go back when you get hard? ›

In adulthood, the foreskin is normally loose enough to be fully retracted. In this case, the glans (including its root) should be fully exposed. During erection, the foreskin retracts by itself, exposing the entire glans or at least part of it.

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